The Braconidae are a megadiverse and ecologically highly important group of insects.The vast majority of braconid wasps are parasitoids of other insects, usually attacking the egg or larval stages of their hosts.The ovipositor plays a crucial role in the assessment of the potential host and precise egg laying.We used light- and electron-microscopic

A nonautonomous discrete predator-prey system incorporating a prey refuge and Holling type II functional Incubators response is studied in this paper.A set of sufficient conditions which guarantee the persistence and global stability of the system are obtained, respectively.Our results show that if refuge is large enough then predator species will

In current engineering practice, static calculation of windows for temperature loads is not performed.However, the existing experience in operating PVC windows in environmental conditions of Eastern and Northern Europe shows that the temperature deformation of such structures can reach values comparable to those of wind loads, which leads to a sign

In the brain, information is encoded, transmitted and used to inform behaviour at the level of timing of action potentials distributed over population of neurons.To implement neural-like systems in silico, to emulate neural function, and to interface successfully with the brain, neuromorphic circuits need to encode information in a way compatible t

The trade of non-native pets, especially of non-domesticated and exotic animals, and their subsequent release and establishment of populations is one of the major pathways of introduction for invasive alien reptiles, amphibia, birds and mammals.Here, we use a group of arboreal mammals, tree squirrels of the genus Callosciurus, as a well-documented